The Role of Fatwas and Public Policy in Adopting Blockchain Technology in the Halal Industry in Indonesia

Abstract

The Indonesian halal industry faces complex challenges in maintaining integrity and consumer trust, particularly in the supply chain, which poses a serious threat. This article aims to analyze the role of fatwas and Sharia laws and regulations in accommodating and regulating the implementation of blockchain technology as a solution to create transparency in the halal supply chain. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing various primary and secondary sources, including fatwas, regulations, and academic literature on blockchain and the halal industry. The research findings indicate that while blockchain technology offers decentralization, transparency, and immutability in line with Sharia principles, its implementation raises new legal questions, such as the legal status of smart contracts and digital data as evidence. Therefore, the existence of fatwas from authorities such as Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), as well as strong government regulations, is urgent. Fatwas are needed to provide Sharia legitimacy and operational guidance, while government regulations create legal certainty and a standardization framework. The synergy between sharia fatwas, positive legal regulations, and blockchain technology is believed to be able to build a more transparent, accountable, and globally competitive Indonesian halal industry ecosystem